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Played with rigorously sewn stuffed skins, with animal bladders, or with found objects as simple as gourds, chunks of wooden, or rounded stones, ball games are common. Ball games of all sorts have been fairly in style among the many Chinese. Descriptions of the sport cuju, which resembled fashionable football , appeared as early as the Eastern Han dynasty (25–220). Games much like fashionable badminton have been additionally played within the 1st century. Finally, the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) scroll painting Grove of Violets depicts elegantly attired girls playing chuiwan, a game just like modern golf. Calisthenic exercises designed to enhance health and fitness were boring and dreary in contrast with the excitement of modern sports activities. Long earlier than the end of the 20th century, even German educators had abandoned Leibeserziehung (“physical education”) in favour of Sportunterricht (“instruction in sports”). For younger and for old, for better and for worse, sports activ